Cooking stove



Jan. 15, 1952 H, W, SANFORD ETAL '2,582,887

COOKING STOVE Original Filed March 17, 1942 2 S-IEETS-SHEET 1 Jan- 15, 1952 H. WSANFORD ETAI.

COOKING sTovE Original Filed March 17, 1942 W53 'm P Biddle .n2

Snventols njrd (Ittornegs atentec Jan. 15, 1952 COOKING STOVE Hugh W. Sanford and WilliamjP. Biddle, Jr., Knoxville, Tenn.; `said Biddle, Jr., :assigner -to :said vSanford Original application March 17, 1942, VSerial vNo.

435,088. Divided and this application February 14, 1947, Serial No. 728,410

8 Claims. 1

This application is fa division of our prior application, Serial No. 435,088, iiled March 1l?, 1942, now .Patent No. 2,417,842, granted March A25, 1947.

This invention relates to improvements ineooking stoves, particularly the character having ovens for the baking of food products.

It has .been customary Aheretofore in cooking stoves to circulate the nue .gas `constituting the heating media .substantially around the several sides of the oven transversely thereof, passing from the fire .box over the top and down the opposite side of the oven to an outlet flue at -th'e bottom, depending upon radiation ofthe heat into the oven ,for the heating thereof` This is objectionable because it produces non-uniform heating within the oven, and the bottom portions of the flues frequently get clogged up, which reduces the efficiency of the stove very materially.

An object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the cooking stove by producing more uniform heat throughout the oven, while permitting initial heating of the oven to higher temperature in much shorter time than has` been possible heretofore.

A further object of the invention is to reduce the cost of the stove by simplifying the construction thereof, while obtaining eicient heat radiation from the heating means for heating the oven without waste.

These objects are accomplished by recirculating the air out of and into the oven and through the same, thus obtaining uniform heat distribution throughout the oven, and heating the air thus Withdrawn from the oven at a point externally thereof in a manner that is eiicient and which tends to simplify and materially improve the construction.

The manner in which the air is recirculated makes possible the elimination of the conventional passage of the hot gas from the heating means around the side and below the oven, after passing over the top of the oven from the heating means to an outlet located beneath the oven. By recirculating the air in the oven, it is possible to heat this air eiciently for quick uniform heating of the oven, by applying the heating action principally to the circulating air along two surfaces, as one side and the top of the oven,

thus obtaining adequate and eflicien't heat transfer while dispensing with the ducts that are cusf lt is preferable in `this invention to obtain recirculation ci -thefairr'rom'and 'into the :oven by.

power means, such as a f-fan, the speed -of which may be regula-ted thermostatically to Vary or oontrol the temperature oi"l 'the oven, 'and it may be stopped automatically -upon the opening of the door. Acombined fan and blower serves notronly for recirculating the air for heating, vbut also to distribute the heat Auniformly throughout the oven thus obtaining uniform baking conditions therein.

The invention may be embodied in diierent forms utilizing the Ycharaeteristics thereof, one of which is `show-n in the yaccompany-ling drawings, in which:

Fig. `1 is a vertical sectional view through la cooking stove embodying one `form of the invention.;

Fig. 2 isa crosssection thereof on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; i

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section therethrough on the line 3 3 fof Fig. 1; and

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic View of the fan con trols.

ReferringV to the form showniinFigs. 1, 2 and 3, the stove is shown as constructed vof a base "I, supported on legs 2. Upstanding from the base AI are insulated opposite side walls 3 `and 3', a front wall Il, and a back wall 5, which walls vsupporta cooking top 6 thereon. A high shelf is shown at and may be used where desired.

On one side sof the stove is located `a .re box '8, adapted to :have the usual grate therein .with .an ash pit `t therebeneath, these .being of conventional construotion except that they extend throughout a .substantial portion of the height of the stove. An ash pit door I0 may be provided in the front Wall il, for vgaining access thereto in the usual way.

As shown in Fig. 1, ,a top flue I1 extends laterally from the top of the nre box l3 beneath the cooking top 6. The -ue Il Yis closed at the front oi the stove, but the rear thereof is in open cornrnunication with a smoke back I2, inwardly of the insulated back wall `5, as shown in Fig. 2, for discharge of the products of combustion through a smoke outlet i3. A partition I4 extends vertically 'in the smoke back I2 to divide the same for downward circulation of the heating media therethrough. The upper end `of the partition Is?. has a damper I5 pivotally mounted so as Vto swing to the dotted line position, `shown in Fig. 2, when it is desired to circulate the heating media directly to the discharge outlet I3 from beneath the cooking top.

The oven is designated Vgenerally by the numeral It formed between insulated bottom I 'I and top .I8 and between the insulated oven side I9 and the stove side w-all 3. The front of the oven `is closed .by a hinged door v2t, have ing deflectors 24 on the inner face thereof.

The back of the oven is closed by a back wall 25, having perforations 26. disposed throughout the major portion thereof as shown in Fig. 1, and preferably, of gradually decreasing size from the top to the bottom of said wall. On the opposite side of the back wall 25 is an air chamber 2l, having an opening at the lower center portion thereof to the intake side of a fan 28. The fan 28 is shown as operated by an electric motor 29, supported on a bracket 3U at the back of the stove.

The discharge side of the fan 28 is in open communication with an air chamber 3|, closed at the bottom by inclined plates 32 that extend outwardly on opposite sides of the fan 28, as shown in Fig. 1. The air chamber 3| is in heat exchange relation with the smoke back I2, the inner wall 2| of which smoke back forms one wall of the chamber 3|. The wall 2| is provided with upwardly inclined ns 33, radiating from the fan '28, as shown in Fig. 1 for uniformly distributing the air in heat exchange relation with the smoke back wall 2| and for eiicient heat radiation of the air.

The upper end of the air chamber 3| is in open communication with an air duct 34 which extends therefrom to the forward side of the stove where the air is discharged through an opening 35 into the top front portion of the oven |6. A damper 36 is pivotally mounted in the opening 35 immediately behind the door with a portion thereof projecting into the path of the door when closed, normally to turn the damper to the full line position, but free to swing to the dotted line position thereof in Fig. 2, when the oven door is opened, to direct the stream of air toward the rear of the oven and thus prevent an excess loss of the heated air into the room through the opened door.

It will be evident that when the fan 28 is operated, it will draw air from the oven through the perforations 26 in the back wall 25, and discharge this air upwardly through the air chamber 3| which directs the air upwardly at the back of the oven, into and through the air duct 34 and then across the top of the oven to the front thereof where it is discharged through the opening 35 in a downward direction. The air in its passage through the chamber 3| and air duct 34 is heated by contact with the wall 2| and also with the wall 31 forming the bottom of the top flue thus obtaining efficient radiation of heat, and effecting uniformity of oven temperature due to the recirculation of the oven air in contact with heating surface. When the heated air is discharged into the oven, part of it is deflected toward the rear of the oven by means of the defiectors 24 on the door thereof.

By thus recirculating the airthrough the oven and to the heating means, it is not necessary for the ue to extend entirely around the oven, as has been the practice heretofore. This reduces the cost of construction by reason of dispensing with the ducts at the right of, and beneath, the oven.

As shown in Fig. 4, the motor 29 for operating the fan 28 may be controlled thermostatically, if desired, by a switch 38 within the oven I6, and a switch 39 controlled by the door 2|) may be used also to close the circuit to the motor only when the oven door is closed. These switches are shown as connected in the power circuit for the motor, either or both of which 4 switches may be used with the invention, if desired.

We claim:

1. In a cook stove, the combination of a cooking top, an oven disposed beneath the cooking top spaced therefrom, a fire box disposed beside the oven beneath the cooking top, said stove having a flue in open communication with the re box and extending only over the top and rear of the oven, said flue having an outlet directly therefrom adjacent the top of the oven, an upright partition dividing the portion of the nue over the rear of the oven, a damper located in the upper portion of said partition for diverting thc flue gases around the back of the oven, said re box and ue forming heating means for the stove, the oven having outlet and inlet openingsl at different sides thereof, conduits connected respectively with the openings and located externally of the oven, said conduits being in open communication with each other for recirculation of air from the outlet to the inlet of the oven, said oven having a front door for access thereto, said inlet opening being adjacent said door, and means for deflecting the air from said inlet opening toward the back of the oven.

2. In a cook stove, the combination of a cooking top, an oven disposed beneath the cooking top spaced therefrom, a fire box disposed beside the oven beneath the cooking top, said stove having a, top flue in open communication with the fire box and extending over the top of the oven, said flue having an outlet directly therefrom adjacent the top of the oven, said re box and flue forming heating means for the stove, the oven having outlet and inlet openings at different sides thereof, conduits adjacent the top and back of the oven connected respectively with y the openings and located externally of the oven,

said conduits being in open communication with each other for recirculation of air from the outlet to the inlet of the oven, insulating means 1ocated between the oven and the conduit adjacent the top thereof, said oven having a front door for access thereto, said inlet opening being adjacent said door, and means for deflecting the air from said inlet opening toward the back of the oven automatically when the door is open.

3. In a cooking stove, the combination of a cooking top, an oven disposed beneath the cooking top and spaced therefrom, a fire box disposed beside the oven, a top ue having an outlet and being in open communication with the fire box, said flue extending only transversely of the oven and at a level above the top of the oven, whereby the hot gases in said flue reach the flue outlet without having passed beneath the bottom of the oven, said oven having an intake port and an oppositely disposed discharge port, power means for circulating air repeatedly through the oven and through the intake and discharge ports, whereby the said air passes over the top of the oven underneath the bottom wall of the said top flue and above the top wall of the oven, and insulation in the top wall of the oven, whereby the radiant heat from the flue gases which reaches the air passing over the top of the oven will not be radiated appreciably into the oven and the circulating air heats articles cooking in the oven primarily by convection rather than by radiation.

4. In a cooking stove, the combination of a cooking top, an oven disposed beneath the cooking top and spaced therefrom, a fire box disposed beside the oven, a top ilue having an outlet and being in open communication with the fire box, said ue extending only transversely of the oven and at a level above the top of the oven, whereby the hot gases in said ue reach the flue outlet without having passed beneath the bottom of the oven, said oven havingan intake port and an oppositely disposed discharge port, power means for circulating air repeatedly through the oven and through the intake and discharge ports, whereby said air passes over the top of the oven underneath the bottom wall of said top ue and above the top wall of the oven, a .door closing the oven, insulation carried by said door, and insulation in the top wall of the oven, whereby the radiant heat from the ue gases which reaches the air passing over the top of the oven will not be radiated appreciably into the oven and the circulating air heats articles cooking in the oven primarily by convection rather than by radiation. 2

5. In a cooking stove, the combination of a cooking top, an oven disposed beneath the cooking top and spaced therefrom, a fire box disposed beside the oven, a top flue having an outlet and being in open communication with the lire box, said ue extending only transversely of the oven and at a level above the top of the oven, whereby the hot gases in the said ue reach the ue outlet without having passed beneath the bottom of the oven, said oven having an intake port and an oppositely disposed discharge port, power means for circulating air repeatedly through the oven and through the intake and discharge ports, whereby said air passes over the top of the oven underneath the bottom wall of said top nue and above the top wall of the oven, a door closing the oven, insulation carried by said door, a main bottom in the oven, insulation carried by said bottom, and insulation in the top wall of the oven, whereby the radiant heat from the flue gases which reaches the air passing over the top of the oven will not be importantly radiated into the oven and the circulating air heats articles cooking in the oven primarily by convection rather than by radiation.

6. In a cooking stove, the combination of a cooking top, an oven disposed beneath the cooking top and spaced therefrom, a fire box disposed beside the oven, a top flue having an outlet and being in open communication with the fire box, said flue extending only transversely of the oven and at a level above the top of the oven, whereby the hot gases in the said iiue reach the flue outlet without having passed beneath the bottom of the oven, said oven having an intake port and an oppositely disposed discharge port, power means for circulating air repeatedly through the oven and through the intake and discharge ports, whereby said air passes over the top of the oven underneath the bottom wall of said top flue and above the top wall of the oven, a door closing the oven, insulation carried by said door, a main bottom in the oven, insulation carried by said bottom, one of the side walls of the oven being the main outside wall of the stove, insulation carried by said wall, and insulation in the top wall of the oven, whereby the radiant heat from the flue gases which reaches the air passing over the top of the oven will not be radiated appreciably into the oven and the circulating air heats articles cooking in the oven primarly by convection rather than by radiation.

7. In a cooking stove, the combination of a cooking top, an oven disposed beneath the cooking top and spaced therefrom, a re box disposed beside the oven, a top flue having an outlet and being in open communication with the fire boX, said flue extending only transversely of the oven and at a level above the top of the oven, whereby the hot gases in the said flue reach the ue outlet without having passed beneath the bottom of the oven, said oven having an intake port and an oppositely disposed discharge port, power means for circulating air repeatedly through the oven and through the intake and discharge ports, whereby said air passes over the top of the oven underneath the bottom wall of said top flue and above the top wall of the oven, a door closing the oven, insulation carried by said door, a main bottom in the open, insulation carried by said bottom, one of the side walls of the oven being the main outside wall of the stove, insulation carried by said wall, a side wall adjacent the re box, insulation carried by said side wall adapted to prevent an appreciable amount of radiant heat from the fire box reaching the oven through said wall, and insulation in the top wall of the oven, whereby the radiant heat from the ilue gases which reaches the air passing over the top of the oven will not be radiated appreciably into the oven and the circulating air heats articles cooking in the oven primarily by convection rather than by radiation.

8. In a cook stove, the combination of an oven, heating means including a duct extending only adjacent the top and rear side of the oven, a conduit extending over the top of the oven and lying between the oven and the portion of the duct adjacent the top of the oven, heat insulating means disposed between said conduit and the interior of the oven, a second conduit in direct communication with the rst mentioned conduit and lying between the portion of the duct adjacent the rear side of the oven, said second conduit being in open communication with the inside of the oven, a baie centrally disposed in said second conduit and provided with an opening in the bottom thereof, and blower means lo cated in the bottom portion of said second duct associated with the opening therein adapted to circulate air through said conduit and said oven.l

HUGH W. SANFORD. WILLIAM P. BIDDLE, JR.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the -le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 651,786 Turner June 12, 1900 655,761 Culver Aug. 14, 1900 693,343 Anthony Feb. 11, 1902 1,176,093 Phillips Mar. 21, 1916 1,218,341 Truitt Mar. 6, 1917 1,893,694 Bohmker Jan. 10, 1933 1,950,212 Barnett et al Mar. 6, 1934 2,017,728 Oskamp Oct. 15, 1935 2,180,068 Scott Nov. 14, 1939 2,214,630 Wheeler Sept. 10, 1940 2,279,804 Walz Apr. 14, 1942 2,330,495 Karges Sept. 28, 1943 2,350,293 Stanchfield May 30, 1944 2,417,842 Sanford et al Mar. 24, 1947 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 332,874 Great Britain June 31, 1930 97,818 Sweden Jan. 16, 1940 

